Solid oak and engineered hardwood frame with reinforced joinery. High-gauge sinuous springs provide cushion support. Seat cushions have fiber-wrapped, high-resiliency polyurethane foam cores. Seat firmness: On a scale from 1 to 5 (5 being firmest), it's a 4. Back cushions are foam and fiber filled. Reversible cushions (Astor Velvet excluded); seat cushions have zip-off covers. Solid wood legs (legs are removable). Made in Ukraine.